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Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要： Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： Health Data Bank blockchain data assets smart contract incentive mechanism

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Erratum to: On the potential of iPhone significant location data to characterize individual mobilityfor air pollution health studies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1556-1

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长江干流水下岸坡侵蚀自动识别 Article

颜阁, 程和琴, 姜泽宇, 滕立志, 唐明, 石天, 姜月华, 杨国强, 周权平

《工程（英文）》 2022年第19卷第12期页码 50-61 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.027

摘要：

识别河岸侵蚀的风险是确保早期预警和预防或控制包括长江在内的河流集水区崩岸的一项重要挑战。本文引入一种基于地貌要素的算法，通过调整多波束回波探测数据的平坦度来提取河岸侵蚀信息。该算法绘制了10 个水下地貌形态要素，包括坡、坡脚、水平面、脊、顶、谷、凹陷、凸起、坑和坡肩。利用21 个平坦度值构建水下河岸侵蚀特征的识别策略。结果表明：当平坦度为10°时，作为侵蚀载体的岸坡陡坎被坡要素覆盖。平坦度为0°时，冲刷坑和河岸破损由河岸附近的坑要素和岸坡中的凹陷表示。河道水下沙波是加速河岸侵蚀的重要因素，尤其是靠近河岸坡脚的沙波；沙波的临界平坦度为3°。分析了水下地貌形
态要素的分布，并用于绘制河岸侵蚀库存图。分析结果表明，近岸区水深较大，易形成较大的冲刷坑和较长的河岸陡坎。窝崩往往发生在较长的岸坡处，以缩短其长度。经讨论陆地、海洋和河流环境中平坦度值的不同设置，得出的结论是，多样化的平坦度值能够显著识别河流水下地貌形态。因此，本研究为基于平坦度的河流水下地貌形态要素识别提供参考，增强了从大量多波束测深数据定位水下岸坡失稳迹象与风险的能力。

关键词：多波束测深数据形态要素河岸侵蚀水下陡坎冲刷坑崩岸

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Model test study for ice force on the bank-head of the lead-navigating bank

SONG An, SUN Jinliang, LU Hai, WANG Yi′an

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 222-228 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0027-x

摘要： To determine the bank-head s ice force of the lead-navigating bank at key position that faces the ice directly of certain water conservancy, ice model test in reduced scale is designed and carried out based on the local situation on the spot and data observed. Preliminary conclusions are got through the analysis of the experimental data such as effect of the ice velocity on the ice force , ratio of components of forces when ice sheet acting on the vertical bank-head, ice force ratio of vertical to 45? incline as well as ratio of level ice force to the vertical ice force when acting on 45? incline. Finally, suggestions on determination of the ice force using formula are given after comparison between the result calculated by the present formula of ice force and the experimental results.

关键词： comparison lead-navigating bank vertical bank-head certain Preliminary

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On the potential of iPhone significant location data to characterize individual mobility for air pollutionhealth studies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1542-7

摘要：

● We evaluated the accuracy of iPhone data in capturing time-activity patterns.

关键词： Air pollution exposure Human mobility iPhone Significant Location Smartphone data

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Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Arecurrent data reliable?

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1694-0

摘要：

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed.

关键词： Microplastic Nanoplastic Food products Data quality Human health risk

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Leveraging individual-level data to advance air pollution health risk management

Jianxun YANG, Wenjing WU, Miaomiao LIU, Jun BI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 337-342 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0189-1

摘要：

Environmental health risk management is a systematic engineering task, engaging multiple disciplines from the academic and government sectors. Reducing environmental health risks has become one of the key targets in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This target has been translated into public policies at many jurisdictional levels (Yue et al., 2020). To design region-specific and targeted policy initiatives, understanding how environmental health risks are spatially distributed and temporally resolved is fundamental.

Along with the advances in high-resolution pollution mapping and projection, environmental risk assessment and management have been performed at a highly granular scale (Caplin et al., 2019). For instance, taking advantage of the fine air pollution dataset, recent research efforts have evaluated the health burdens of historical air pollution exposure or cost-benefits of pollution control policies at finer-scale administrative units and grids (Liu et al., 2017; Ou et al., 2020). These assessments reveal expensive health costs of air pollution exposure and highlight that the health outcomes of air pollution are unevenly distributed across regions and more evident among vulnerable populations (Colmer et al., 2020).

Even though detailed geospatial mappings of air pollution capture local patterns, they do not necessarily represent individual-level unique exposure experiences and health outcomes. Personal exposure to air pollution can be influenced by a range of behavioral factors such as mobility patterns and self-protective actions (Tainio et al., 2021). Individual cofactors such as risk perceptions of air pollutants, baseline health conditions, and socio–economic status also influence the pollution-related health impacts (Piel et al., 2020). Dramatic variations in health risks, therefore, occur even within small spatial units such as blocks and neighborhoods. Thus, individual-level exposure and health assessment are critical in advancing the engineering management of air pollution at granular spatiotemporal scales and informing targeted local policies for reducing pollution-related health risks.

To perform air pollution health risk assessment and management at the individual level, first, gathering datasets relevant to personal exposure experiences and health outcomes is important. For example, portable sensor technology is widely applied, in which participants carry the sensors to measure their real-time locations and micro-environmental exposure (Su et al., 2017). These monitors can illustrate individual time–activity patterns and assess personal-specific pollution exposure during outdoor activities such as daily commuting and exercises (Dons et al., 2017). These activities finally form direct flows of datasets on human behaviors and are made available to researchers for more nuanced characterizations of environmental risk.

In this comment, we summarize different types of individual-level data and outline pathways through which the data may advance air pollution health risks assessment. We then review representative studies revolving around these aspects and showcase how abundant information at the individual level improves environmental health risk management. We finally detail the challenges and uncertainties in this rapidly growing field and highlight the priorities in future research. The aim is to motivate local policy actions and foster collective research efforts to promote public health.

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基于RDL的桥梁结构安全监测系统数据报表的研究

张晓斌,陈卫国

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 110-112

摘要：

针对传统数据报表方案数据分析灵活性低或数据错误率高等弊端，文章转化问题为多模板报表模式，提出了一种基于报表定义语言的报表设计方案。工程应用结果表明，该方案具有灵活性高、一体化程度高和可操作性强的优点，因而能够有效地对桥梁结构安全监测系统数据进行分析。

关键词：桥梁结构安全监测系统 RDL 报表定义语言数据报表

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Information System Engineering Management from the Perspective of Meta-synthesis Methodology—with the Bank

Hong-feng Chai,Quan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 404-413 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016037

摘要： The paper empirically studies the engineering practices of the national currency circulation information system-China Union Pay’s Bankcard Information Exchange System. By integrating the meta-synthesis methodology and the financial information system engineering, the paper proposes basic principles and processes of the giant and complex financial information system engineering management, and further explores its paradigm and toolkit.

关键词： financial information system meta-synthesis methodology bank card information exchange

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健康医疗数据共享基本原则探讨

张建楠,李莹莹,顾宴菊,朱烨琳,何前锋

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 93-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.012

摘要：

我国健康医疗数据共享尚处于初级阶段，隐私安全、数据权属不清与利益分配不明等关键问题阻碍了健康医疗数据共享的发展。健康医疗数据共享基本原则的建立可为科学开展健康医疗数据共享活动提供指导，促进健康医疗数据共享及价值变现。本文整理归纳了43项国际健康医疗数据共享基本原则内容，从法律、伦理道德和实践的角度出发，分析了国际上开展健康医疗数据共享活动时普遍关注和遵循的关键原则。研究发现，国际健康医疗数据共享中普遍重视价值、尊重、信任、公平与公正、安全、可评估与评估、规范性以及问责制原则的设定和体现。本文优化构建了高共识性健康医疗数据共享基本原则，有助于指导健康医疗数据共享活动的实施，促进我国健康医疗数据合理、合法、合规共享，推进大数据时代背景下“互联网 +”在健康医疗领域的深化应用。

关键词：数据共享，健康医疗，共享行为，基本原则

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结构健康监测数据科学与工程研究进展 Article

鲍跃全, 陈智成, 魏世银, 徐阳, 唐志一, 李惠

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第2期页码 234-242 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.027

摘要：

结构健康监测（SHM）是一个多学科交叉领域，涉及利用大量传感器和仪器对结构荷载和响应进行自动感知，然后根据收集到的数据对结构进行健康诊断。由于安装在结构上的 SHM 系统能自动实时地感知、评估和预警结构状态，所以海量数据是 SHM 的一个显著特征。与海量数据处理与分析相关的方法与技术被称为数据科学与工程，其包括数据采集、数据转换、数据管理以及数据处理与挖掘算法。本文旨在简要回顾笔者在 SHM 数据科学与工程方面开展的最新研究，具体涵盖基于压缩采样的数据采集算法、基于深度学习算法的异常数据诊断方法、基于计算机视觉技术的桥梁裂纹识别方法，以及基于机器学习算法的桥梁结构状态评估方法。最后，本文在结语部分对该领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：结构健康监测监测数据压缩采样机器学习深度学习

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Connecting Information to Promote Public Health

Xue-mei Su,Jia Zhao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 384-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016054

摘要： With the development of information technology in the past 12 years, China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor. These information systems are described as public health information systems (PHIS) in China. When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative, economic and legal, local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and time-consuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely, accurate and complete data. Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China, there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR (EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making. The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China, making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China, exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR (EMR), and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.

关键词： public health information system data exchange China

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment short & medium span bridge structural health monitoring(SHM) long-term data collection system maintenance bridge performance information technology loading vehicle(public bus) in-situ loading

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《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 73-82 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023489

摘要：

● Shifting from the existing dietary patterns to the alternative recommended dietary pattern could enhance the sustainable development of environment and human health.

关键词： CHNS data cluster analysis dietary patterns sustainable development